What are the effects of various elements in fastener raw materials on the properties of steel?

We all know that the raw materials of standard parts are divided into different materials according to the level of carbon content. In addition to the impact of carbon on the raw materials, what effects do other elements have on the properties of steel?

1. Carbon (C): It improves the strength of steel parts, especially its heat treatment performance, but with the increase of carbon content, the plasticity and toughness decrease, and it will affect the cold heading performance and welding performance of steel parts.

2. Manganese (Mn): Improve the strength of steel and improve hardenability to a certain extent. That is, it increases the strength of hardening penetration during quenching, and manganese can also improve surface quality, but too much manganese is detrimental to ductility and weldability. And will affect the control of the coating during electroplating.

3. Nickel (Ni): Improve the strength of steel parts, improve the toughness at low temperature, improve the resistance to atmospheric corrosion, and can ensure stable heat treatment effect and reduce the effect of hydrogen embrittlement.

4. Chromium (Cr): It can improve hardenability, improve wear resistance, improve corrosion resistance, and is conducive to maintaining strength at high temperatures.

5. Molybdenum (Mo): It can help control hardenability, reduce the sensitivity of steel to temper brittleness, and have a great impact on improving tensile strength at high temperatures.

6. Boron (B): It can improve the hardenability and help the low carbon steel to have the expected response to heat treatment.

7. Alum (V): refines austenite grains and improves toughness.

8. Silicon (Si): To ensure the strength of steel parts, appropriate content can improve the plasticity and toughness of steel parts.